|
Rabbet Joint
|
 |
|
|
|
A joint used in furniture and home decor construction that is formed by fitting together boards into which rectangular grooves have been cut.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raddle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A narrow, flat board with nails or pegs protruding at regular 1- or 2-inch (2.5- to 5-cm) intervals. It is used to distribute the warp evenly across the loom while the warp is being wound.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rag Paper
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Paper created by beating cotton or linen into fibers. These fibers have a stronger bond than wood fibers, resulting in greater durability. Although rag paper can contain a small proportion of wood fiber, higher quality rag paper contains a higher amount of cotton fibers.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hammering a flat sheet of metal into a container-type form.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raku
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A technique of rapidly firing low-temperature ceramic ware. Raku firings were used traditionally in Japan to make bowls for tea ceremonies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ram Pressed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Clay pressed into a mold by a machine, allowing multiple reproductions of the same shape.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unfired; in a natural state.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Raw Glaze
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Unfired glaze. 2. Glaze containing no frit.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reactive Metals
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A family of light-weight metals used in jewelry because of their ability to take and retain oxidation colors through controlled electric current.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realism
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. A type of representational art in which the artist depicts as closely as possible what the eye sees. 2. Realism. The mid-nineteenth-century style of Courbet and others, based on the idea that ordinary people and everyday activities are worthy subjects for art. Treats all facets of daily life in a style that shows frank enjoyment of the natural shapes, textures, and colors of things and a delight in the manipulation of the paint itself. In the arts, the accurate, detailed, unembellished depiction of nature or of contemporary life. Realism rejects imaginative idealization in favor of a close observation of outward appearances. A style of painting which depicts subject matter (form, color, space) as it appears in actuality or ordinary visual experience without distortion or stylization.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rectilinear
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consisting of or bound by straight lines.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reduction Fire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A firing in which the supply of oxygen in the kiln is inadequate to promote complete combustion. Carbon monoxide thus formed combines with oxygen in clay and glazes, altering their colors.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reed
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A metal device, similar to a large comb, that is set into the beater on a loom. The reed helps to space and maintain the horizontal position of the warp threads and to beat each new weft into position. It is numbered according to how many dents per inch it contains and is available in numerous sizes and lengths.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reed Hook
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A short, S-shaped hook used in sleying or drawing the warp through the reed prior to weaving. Also called a “sley hook.”
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refectory Table
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A long narrow table, originally used in the dining rooms of religious orders.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Refractory
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resistant to melting or fusion; a ware or material that does not fuse under 2500 degrees Fahrenheit; a substance that raises the melting point of another material. Refractory materials are the basis of high temperature ceramics.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registration
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
In color printmaking or machine printing, the process of aligning the impressions of blocks or plates on the same sheet of paper.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reinforced Concrete
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Concrete with steel mesh or bars embedded in it to increase its tensile strength. (ferroconcrete)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relative Apparent Size
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Objects appear smaller as their distance from the viewer increases.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relative Position
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We view nature from our own eye level. Objects in the foreground appear lower and distant objects appear higher relative to the imaginary line created by our level of sight.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relief
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. Sculpture in which figures or other images are attached to a flat background but project out from it to some degree (bas-relief, haut-relief). 2. A printmaking technique in which portions of a block meant to be printed are raised above the surface.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relief Print
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A printing technique in which the parts of the printing surface that carry ink are left raised, while the remaining areas are cut away. Woodcuts and linoleum prints (linocuts) are relief prints. A type of printing process in which a print is produced from the relief carving of a metal plate or wood or linoleum block.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Relief Sculpture
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sculpture in which three-dimensional forms project from a flat background of which they are a part. The degree of projection can vary and is described by the terms high relief and low relief (bas-relief.)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Renaissance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Literally, “rebirth”. The period in Europe from the 14th to the 16th century, characterized by a renewed interest in Classical art, architecture, literature, and philosophy. The Renaissance began in Italy and gradually spread to the rest of Europe. In art, it is most closely associated with Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rep
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A plain-woven fabric that has a heavy filler thread, which creates a corded effect.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rep Weave
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A warp-faced weave.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Replica
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A copy or reproduction of a work of art, especially one made by the original artist.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repoussé
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An ancient process in which sheet metal is hammered into contours from both the front and the back.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Repoussi
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The technique of creating relief by hammering a thin sheet of metal, such as copper or silver, over a mold or intaglio.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Representational
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Works of art that closely resemble forms in the natural world. Art in which recognizable objects, figures, or elements in nature are depicted. Art in which it is the artist's intention to present again or represent a particular subject; especially pertaining to realistic portrayal of subject matter. Synonymous with naturalistic.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reproduction
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A mechanically produced copy of an original work of art; not to be confused with an original print or art print. A reproduction is a copy or facsimile of an original work. The end product of a reproduction is significantly faithful in its resemblance to the form and elements of the original.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A plastic which may be bonded to metal or cast in molds.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Resist
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A material or method in which a coating such as wax or oil is applied to bisqued or glazed ware to prevent a glaze applied on top of the resist from adhering to the clay or glaze underneath. The resist burns off during firing. Any material that is applied to a surface before dyeing or printing to prevent absorption of the dye into the covered or resisted area.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reticello
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Italian name for crisscrossed glass canework. Glass canes are heated, twisted in one direction, and blown into the form of a cup. The cup is set into an oven. Then, a second cup is made in the same fashion, however the glass cane is twisted in the opposite direction. The second cup is blown into the inside of the first cup. As the two cups come together, the grooves between the cane rods are sealed, causing air bubbles to lock into the crisscrossed pattern. The connected cups are then blown and formed into the final shape.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reticulation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A process in which metal is heated and shrunk, resulting in a rippled, veiny texture resembling the surface of a leaf.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rhythm
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The regular or ordered repetition of dominant and subordinate elements or units within a design.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rib
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A tool used in throwing a pot to shape or straighten it; made of rubber, wood, gourd, or metal.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rifflers
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Small files with teeth only on the very tip, often with curved, unusual shapes that make them useful for tight corners. Also called "escapement files."
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ripsmatta
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A warp-faced plain weave, Scandinavian in origin, that uses thick and thin wefts to produce a rib effect.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rivets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mechanical connectors that join elements without the use of heat.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rococo
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A style of art popular in Europe in the first three quarters of the 18th century, Rococo architecture and furnishings emphasized ornate but small-scale decoration, curvilinear forms, and pastel colors. Rococo painting has a playful, light-hearted romantic quality and often pictures the aristocracy at leisure.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rolakan
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Scandinavian term for tapestry.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Roll Printing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A technique in which a rolling mill is used to imprint textures and patterns under great pressure.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rolling Mill
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A piece of equipment consisting of two parallel, hardened steel cylinders mounted in a sturdy frame.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Romanesque
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A style of architecture and art dominant in Europe from the 9th to the 12th century. Romanesque architecture, based on ancient Roman precedents, emphasizes the round arch and barrel vault.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Romanticism
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. A literary and artistic movement of late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Europe, aimed at asserting the validity of subjective experience as a countermovement to the often cold formulas of Neoclassicism; characterized by intense emotional excitement and depictions of powerful forces in nature, exotic lifestyles, danger, suffering, and nostalgia. 2. Art of any period based on spontaneity, intuition, and emotion rather than carefully organized rational approaches to form.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rondelle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A round disk of glass formed by spinning and flattening an opened bubble.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rookwood
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An important early American art pottery and china factory in Ohio; closed in 1940.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Router
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A machine with a drill-like cutter for cutting designs into wood or for decoratively edging it.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rural Crafts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The traditional crafts production that is carried on, simply for everyday practical use, in the agricultural countryside. Once widespread and commonplace, the survival of some rural crafts is now in doubt.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rubber Molds
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
These reusable molds are used to produce multiple wax models for production lost wax casting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rubbing
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
An impression taken from a relief block with a raised, incised, or textured surface, using a colored substance. The image is obtained by placing paper over it and rubbing the paper with a leather rubber or a burnisher. Used in lithography.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rule Joint
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A knuckle joint as between a table top and drop leaf that leaves no open space when the leaf is down.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rush Seat Chair
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A rustic French or American chair with seats woven of rushes.
|
|
|
|
