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Padauk Wood
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A southeast Asian tree having reddish wood with a mottled or striped black grain.
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Painted Glass
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Glass that has been painted with special paints and then fired so that the paint becomes a permanent part of the glass.
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Painterly
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Descriptive of paintings in which forms are defined principally by color areas, not by lines or edges. Where the artist's brushstrokes are noticeable. Any image that looks as though it may have been created with the style or techniques used by a painter. Painting characterized by openness of form, in which shapes are defined by loose brushwork in light and dark color areas rather than by outline or contour.
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Painting
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A process whereby fabrics or other fiber art are decorated by hand with dyes or pigments.
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Palette
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Most commonly, the selected group of colors an artist chooses for a particular work or group of works. Also refers to the board or other surface on which a painter mixes his or her colors.
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Palette Knife
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A flexible metal spatula used for mixing paint or applying paint to a surface.
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Palimpset
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Any piece of parchment, canvas, panel or paper that has been reused, whether scraped clean, painted over or painted on the reverse side.
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Palissy Ware
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French faience with tin enamel glaze decorated in bright colors, developed during the 16th century.
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Palladium
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A photographic process in which the image is produced by palladium crystals deposited on the paper. A steel-white and tarnish-resistant metallic element used in jewelry, watches and surgical equipment. Also called white gold.
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Panorama
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A wide view of a landscape.
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Parian Ware
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Unglazed porcelain, looking like marble, used primarily in the manufacture of Victorian statuettes and doll heads; translucent, highly fluxed.
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Pastel
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1. Sticks of powdered pigment held together with a gum binding agent. 2. Pale colors or tints. A colored crayon that consists of pigment mixed with just enough of a aqueous binder to hold it together; a work of art produced by pastel crayons; the technique itself. Pastels vary according to the volume of chalk contained...the deepest in tone are pure pigment. Pastel is the simplest and purest method of painting, since pure color is used without a fluid medium and the crayons are applied directly to the pastel paper. A combination of pure pigment and binder forming permanent colored sticks; noted for colors which go from soft to brilliant. When ground is completely covered with pigment, the work is considered pastel painting: leaving much of the ground exposed produces a pastel sketch.
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Pate de Verre
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Pate de Verre ("paste of glass") is the technique of making solid glass objects from crushed glass or glass frit. A glass “paste” of finely crushed glass is mixed, heated, poured into a mold, annealed or cooled, and ultimately freed from the mold. Similar to cast sculpture.
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Pate-sur-pate
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Literally, “paste-on-paste.” A decorating method consisting of built-up layers of engobe.
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Patina
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A film or an incrustation, often green, that forms on copper and bronze after a certain period of weathering and as a result of the oxidation of the copper. Different chemical treatments will also induce myriad colored patinas on new Bronze works. Bronzes may additionally be painted with acrylic and lacquer.
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Pau Amarello Wood
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A Brazilian wood with a pale yellow to mustard color. Also known as yellowheart wood.
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Peachbloom Glaze
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A copper reduction glaze famous in Sung Dynasty China, yellow-pink and red with green specks.
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Pedestal
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A support or foundation. For example, a sculpture may be mounted to a pedestal for display.
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Pedestal Table
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A table supported by a single, central base.
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Pediment
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An ornamental crest running across the top of tall 18th century piece such as a highboy or chest.
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Pen and Ink
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Pen and ink gives an effect that is somewhere between painting and drawing.
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Pentimento
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A condition of old paintings where lead-containing pigments have become more transparent over time, revealing earlier layers.
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Perfume Vial
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A small bottle with a narrow aperture intended to be closed with a stopper. The stopper may be used to apply vial contents to the body.
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Peroba Rosa Wood
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A wood that has a rose-red to yellow color, a straight grain, and a fine and uniform texture. Native to Brazil and Argentina.
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Persimmon Wood
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A wood native to eastern Asia. Common uses today include making period reproduction furniture of China, Korea and Japan, making wood golf clubs, and occasionally it is used by luthiers as the fingerboards, backs and sides of guitars.
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Perspective
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The representation of three-dimensional objects on a flat surface so as to produce the same impression of distance and relative size as that received by the human eye. In one-point linear perspective, developed during the fifteenth century, all parallel lines in a given visual field converge at a single vanishing point on the horizon. In aerial or atmospheric perspective, the relative distance of objects is indicated by gradations of tone and color and by variations in the clarity of outlines.
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Photo Realism
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A painting and drawing style of the mid 20th century in which people, objects, and scenes are depicted with such naturalism that the paintings resemble photographs – an almost exact visual duplication of the subject.
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Photo Stencil
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A family of pre-imaged masking materials, where the image is produced by a photographic process rather than hand cutting.
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Photo-emulsion
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In the context of ceramics, the process of developing a photograph directly onto a ceramic piece.
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Photoetching
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A printmaking technique in which a light-sensitive metal plate is exposed to photographic film under ultraviolet light. (Jewelry) A metal etching technique in which a pattern is painted onto metal and the metal is then exposed to acidic chemicals, which etch the uncovered areas.
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Photogram
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An image produced without optics or camera, by interposing a transparent, translucent or opaque object in a beam of light falling on the sensitive material (usually paper).
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Photograph
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A relatively permanent image produced by the action of light on a sensitive material, commonly restricted to images or objects formed by means of optical devices, such as lenses or mirrors, as distinct from a sound recording, etc.
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Photographic Film
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A flexible, transparent support coated with photosensitive material.
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Photographic Transparency
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An image (usually positive) intended to be observed by light that passes through the image and base as on a viewer or by projection.
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Photogravure
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A photomechanical printing process based on the production by photography of a plate (usually cylindrical) containing small ink-receptive pits. Commonly used in newspaper and art reproduction, in which the high quality and long-run characteristics of the process are useful.
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Photomontage
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1. A composite image, made by cutting and pasting, or by projecting several images in sequence on different parts of the receiving photographic material, such as photographic paper. 2. Any technique of making composite or multiple photographic images.
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Pickle
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An acidic solution used to clean metal.
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Pictograph
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A picture representing a word or idea, such as a hieroglyph.
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Pictorial Space
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The illusory space in a painting or other work of two-dimensional art that seems to recede backward into depth from the picture plane, giving the illusion of distance.
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Picture Plane
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An imaginary flat surface that is assumed to be identical to the surface of a painting. Forms in a painting meant to be perceived in deep three-dimensional space are said to be “behind” the picture plane. The picture plane is commonly associated with the foreground of a painting.
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Picturesque
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As used in common language, picturesque means “Forming, or fitted to form, a good or pleasing picture.” Art historically, Picturesque is a style of landscape painting that emphasizes a sentimental aesthetic over the sublime. A style of landscape painting that reassures man of dominion over nature.
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Pier Glass
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A large window height mirror suspended above a table.
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Piercing
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Decorative cuts through a clay form. (metal) Work done with a jeweler’s saw, particularly when cutting within a shape.
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Pigment
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A coloring substance made from plants, earth, or minerals and may include other synthetic elements. When mixed with binders it becomes paint, ink or crayon, etc.
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Pigment Print
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A printing process by which an image is digitally rendered on an inkjet printer using archival pigment inks that have been laboratory tested to be fade resistant for 150 years.
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Pinch Forming
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A method of forming objects by pinching the clay wall with the fingers.
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Pinhole Camera
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Camera with a tiny aperture that forms an image without use of a lens.
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Pit Firing
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Firing to accomplish ceramic hardening in a hole in the ground or a cave.
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Pitch
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A slightly yielding substance used to support metal during repousse.
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Plain Weave
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A basic weave of one up and one down in both the warp and the weft; also called tabby.
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Plangi
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Woven fabric pattern-decorated by tie-dyeing: that is, by tying or knotting parts of the fabric so that it will not absorb the dye.
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Planishing
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The process of smoothing metal with polished hammers.
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Planographic
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A type of printmaking where the ink is transferred to paper from a flat surface.
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Plaster
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A calcium sulfate material that hardens when mixed with water. Used in ceramics for mold-making because it is absorbent and able to reproduce fine details.
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Plastic
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1. Pliable; capable of being shaped. Pertaining to the process of shaping or modeling (i.e., the plastic arts). 2. Synthetic polymer substances, such as acrylic.
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Plasticity
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The quality of clay that allows it to be easily manipulated and still maintain its shape.
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Plate Glass
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Any kind of glass made by the float method. The term is usually applied to glass over 1/8" in thickness.
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Platinum
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Refers to a photographic process and the resulting print. Also called platinotype. The platinum process produces an image by depositing actual platinum crystals in the paper, the texture of which becomes integral to the print. Platinum prints are more stable than silver prints, but more costly. See also Palladium.
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Plein Air
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Literally, “open air.” Refers to the practice of painting outdoors to capture optimal light and atmosphere.
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Plexiglas
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Trade name of a popular acrylic resin (plastic) that may be shaped by heating, casting or welding. Also used as an alternative to glass in picture framing.
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