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Lab-grown
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Laboratory grown or synthetic gemstones that have essentially the same appearance and optical, physical, and chemical properties as the natural material that they represent. Synthetic gemstone producers use different production methods, such as melt growth, solution growth, or extremely high-temperature, high-pressure growth to create these stones.
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Lacewood
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A light, reddish-brown wood from Australia, known for its unique wavy grain pattern.
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Lacquer
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A dense finish acquired by tedious padding up and rubbing down of many coats of varnish and polishing to a high sheen.
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Ladder Back
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A chair back with horizontal slats or rails resembling a ladder. Common types exist in Pilgrim furniture and in simpler Chippendale work.
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Laminate
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A thin material such as wood or plastic, that is affixed to the exterior of a cabinet or other surface.
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Laminated
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Composed of layers bonded together for strength, thickness or decorative effect.
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Laminating
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A technique of bonding layers of leather together under pressure for strength, thickness or visual effect. The process whereby two or more layers of fabric, felt or paper pulps are pressed or glued together to make a stronger, one-layer piece.
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Lampwork
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The technique of manipulating glass by heating it with a small flame. An open flame is advantageous in very detailed work
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Landscape
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A generalization for any artist’s depiction of natural scenery. Figures and other objects should be of secondary importance to the composition and incidental to the content. Generally, landscapes are images of the countryside, usually expansive views. Similarly the term can be modified to cityscape, seascape etc.
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Lap Joint
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A joint made by overlapping two ends and joining them together.
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Lasting
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A water-forming process in which damp leather is forced over a mold and clamped or nailed in place until dry. When dry, the leather retains its molded shape.
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Latex Resist
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Liquid latex is used to create patterns on ceramics. The latex is painted onto unfired ceramic ware to keep those pattern areas from being covered in slip or glaze. Once the piece is painted with slip or glaze, the latex is peeled off, revealing the unfired clay beneath it, and the piece is fired.
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Latticino
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A Venetian glass-working technique used to create spiraling patterns of colored or clear glass cane on the outside of a piece of glass of opposing color. Glass cane is first heated and fused to the core piece of glass. The core piece can then be blown and twisted to form spiral patterns in the exterior cane.
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Layout
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The process of determining and marking out the elements that will go into a piece of jewelry.
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Lead
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The most active glaze flux at low temperatures; found in red lead, litharge, and lead carbonate.
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Leaded Glass
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Glass containing a percentage of lead oxide, which increases its density and improves its ability to refract and disperse light. Leaded glass is used for ornaments and for decorative and luxury tableware.
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Leather-hard
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The condition of raw clay when most of the moisture has evaporated, but is still soft enough to be carved or joined to other pieces.
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Lens
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The part of a camera that concentrates light and focuses the image.
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Lightjet
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A Lightjet photograph is an actual photographic print exposed by the Lightjet 430 laser printer. The printer reads the information in a digital file, and then uses lasers to expose the image onto Fuji Crystal Archive paper. This paper has been tested to be more archival than other popular color printing methods, lasting over 60 years without noticeable fading in controlled conditions. Unlike inkjet prints, which lay ink on paper, Lightjet prints are made on light-sensitive photo paper, which is exposed with red, green and blue lasers. Lightjet prints do not lose color and contrast with enlargement.
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Limited Edition
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Artworks produced in a deliberately limited quantity. Each item in the edition is identical and is an original work of art. The limited size of the edition enhances the value of each piece.
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Limited Edition Photograph
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Art photographers usually make limited edition prints of their work. The artist uses the original negative to make a certain number of prints of a certain measurement. The prototype (usually the original negative) is often destroyed after printing, so that although there are several identical prints, the edition is unique. Edition sizes vary, and may also influence the value of the photograph: a print from an edition size of 500 may have less monetary value than one from an edition of 5.
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Line
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A mark made by an instrument as it is drawn across a surface.
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Linear
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A technique in painting concentrating on the lines and contours of a figure. A composition in which line is the dominant element in defining form (as opposed to mass). Considered the opposite of painterly.
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Linear Perspective
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A method of depicting three-dimensional depth on a flat or two-dimensional surface. Linear perspective has two main precepts: 1. Forms that are meant to be perceived as far away from the viewer are made smaller than those meant to be seen as close 2. Parallel lines receding into the distance converge at a point on the horizon line known as the vanishing point.
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Linocut
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A relief print process similar to woodcut. Wood blocks covered with a layer of linoleum are carved with woodcut tools, coated with ink and printed by hand or in a press.
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Lithograph
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A printing process in which a surface, as stone or sheet aluminum, is treated so that the ink adheres only to the portions that are to be printed. The resulting image is a lithograph or a lithographic print. The process of printing from a small stone or metal plate on which the image to be printed is ink-receptive and the blank area is ink repellant. The resultant "original print" is of considerably greater intrinsic worth than the commercially reproduced poster which is mechanically printed on an offset press.
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Lithography
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A planographic printmaking technique based on the antipathy of oil and water. The image is drawn with a grease crayon or painted with tusche on a stone or grained aluminum plate. The surface is then chemically treated and dampened so that it will accept ink only where the crayon or tusche has been used. Lithography was invented by Aloysius Senefelder (1771 – 1834), in Bavaria.
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Liver of Sulfur
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Potassium sulfide, a bad-smelling yellow compound mixed with water to make a solution that will darken copper and sterling.
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Local Color
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The actual color as distinguished from the apparent color of objects and surfaces; true color, without shadows or reflections.
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Logo (short for "logotype")
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Sign, name, or trademark of an institution, firm, or publication, consisting of letter forms borne on one printing plate or piece of type.
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Loom
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A device for producing cloth by interweaving fibers at right angles.
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Loom-controlled Weave
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Any weave that is created solely through the interaction of the shafts and the heddles on the loom.
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Lost Wax
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A method of casting metal sculpture requiring a wax version of the original model. The wax form is encased in a heat-resistant molding material. Baking the mold causes the wax to melt and run out leaving a cavity in its place. The cavity is filled with molten metal which solidifies to become the sculpture when the
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Low Key
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Consistent use of dark values within a given area or surface.
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Lowboy
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Originally, the lowboy was a chest with a stand. Now the form includes chest or table with drawers, often on short legs.
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Low-fire Glazes
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Low-temperature finishes, usually associated with bright and shiny colors.
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Low-fired
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Clay fired at a temperature sufficient to fuse it into a solid mass, but too low to make it completely non-absorbent.
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Luster
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A brilliant iridescent film on ceramic glazes; formed from metallic salts.
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Luting
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A cross-hatch and moistening method of putting together coils, slabs, or other clay forms in the wet or leather-hard stage; the same as scoring.
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