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Dada
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A movement that emerged during World War I in Europe that purported to be anti-everything, even anti-art. Dada poked fun at all the established traditions and tastes in art with works that were deliberately shocking, vulgar, and nonsensical.
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Dado Joint
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A rectangular or square groove cut with or across the grain of the wood that another piece of wood fits into.
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Daguerrotype
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An early photographic process with the image made on a light-sensitive silver-coated metallic plate.
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Damascus Steel
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A form of steel that has wavy line patterns. Damascus is created by welding several pieces of steel together, folding the newly welded piece onto itself, hammering that piece flat, and repeating the process until the desired density of line patterns has been achieved.
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Dapping Block
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A steel tool -- typically a cube -- into which have been cut various sizes of round hemispherical depressions. It is used to form domes. The steel rods with matching domes on the ends are called dapping punches.
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Darkroom
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A room in which the illumination can be controlled or eliminated for the safe handling or processing of photographic materials.
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Decal
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A transfer print applied onto glaze-fired objects and fired at low-temperature.
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Deckle-edged
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A rough edge formed by a deckle, the part of a papermaking machine that limits the size of a sheet of paper. Deckled paper is less likely to warp than regular cut-edged paper.
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Decoupage
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The act of cutting out paper designs and applying them to a surface to make an all over collage. A paper layering technique using paper cutouts and glue on an item, and finishing with lacquer.
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Delft Ware
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Buff-colored earthenware covered with a white tin-enamel glaze and decorated with cobalt blue overglaze painting on unfired glaze.
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Della Robbia
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Richly modeled ceramics, tin-enameled with majolica overglaze pinks, yellows, blues, and greens produced in Florence in the 15th century by the della Robbia family.
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Dentils
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Rectangular, tooth-like blocks spaced at equal intervals that is often found in molding or inlay patterns.
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Depletion Gilding
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The process of establishing a layer of pure metal on a piece by leaching out the base metal components of the alloy. In the case of sterling, for example, acid (pickle) is used to remove the copper from the alloy, creating a thin "skin" of fine (pure) silver.
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Depth of Field
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The area of sharp focus in a photograph. Depth of field becomes greater as the f-stop number is increased.
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Design
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The planned organization of lines, shapes, masses, colors, textures, and space in a work of art. In two-dimensional art, often called composition. The process and result of creating and structuring a visual plan or form. Both the process and the result of structuring the elements of visual form; composition.
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Diamond Optic
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A mold made of brass, steel or aluminum used to give decorative, diamond-shaped surface textures to blown glass.
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Diamond Wheel Engraving
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Engraving made with stone wheels coated in diamond dust. This method is used for cutting and shaping as well as for beveling and polishing.
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Diamond-point Engraving
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Engraved images made with a pencil-like instrument with a diamond tip.
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Diatrata Glass
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An ancient Roman technique. Diatrata takes cameo cutting one step further by undercutting the image so that it is almost free-standing, held to the base only by a few connecting points.
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Dichroic Glass
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A thin metallic coating on any type of glass; the coating is applied at a high temperature in a vacuum chamber.
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Dichroism
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The exhibition of one color in refracted light and another in transmitted light (such as in gold fuming, where the glass looks like metallic gold in reflected light, but pink, violet or blue when light shines through from behind). Also refers to glasses which appear different colors under different lighting conditions.
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Die Formed
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The process of placing metal between two steel dies or stamps and squeezing them together with high pressure. This creates a dense, strong piece of metal.
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Digital Art
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Digital Art is a method that contemporary artists use to express his or her creativity through the medium of the computer. This computer medium highly expands the normal use of color and brushes. Millions of colors, shadows, fine details, dimensional exaggerations can be used. Digital art is art that can't be produced or in some cases viewed without a computer. It can be represented digitally. It is contained in a single, discrete package or product. It is a record of a creative act or performance.
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Digital Imaging
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A digital image is an image that is created, manipulated and produced using computer technology, including software programs and printers.
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Digital Transfer
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A print made from an image that is printed onto gummed acetate. The gum holds the ink, which is released onto the wet paper when it is put through the press.
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Diorama
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A mode of scenic representation in which a painting is seen from a distance through a large opening. By a combination of transparent and opaque painting, and of transmitted and reflected light, and by contrivances such as screens and shutters, much diversity of scenic effect is produced.
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Diptych
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Artwork on two panels hung together. Historically, two-paneled painting or bas-relief hinged together.
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Distortion
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Any change made by an artist in the size, position, or general character of forms based on visual perception, when those forms are organized into a pictorial image. Any personal or subjective interpretation of natural forms must necessarily involve a degree of distortion.
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Distressing
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A finishing technique that involves purposely denting or marking to render an antique or rustic appearance.
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Dominance
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The principle of visual organization which suggests that certain elements should assume more importance than others in the same composition. It contributes to the organic unity by emphasizing the fact that there is one main feature and that other elements are subordinate to it.
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Double-faced Weave
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A single warp that is woven with two sets of wefts that appear on opposite sides of the rug.
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Dovetail Joinery
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A time-honored technique using a fan-shaped tenon that fits into a corresponding mortise, resulting in a tight interlocking joint.
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Dowel
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A headless wooden pin used as a fastener in furniture construction.
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Downdraft
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A type of kiln with the firebox and chimney at opposite ends from each other at or below the floor.
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Drawplate
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A tool of hardened steel used to reduce wire in size. Drawplates consist of a series of funnel-shaped holes of diminishing size, and can be purchased in many shapes, such as round, half-round, square, and triangular.
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Drop Leaf
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A hinged leaf on a table that can be raised and supported by a bracket to extend the top surface.
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Drusy
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A stone that is covered with a large number of minute crystals.
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Dry Brush
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Technique of applying dry paint on a panel or canvas. Also called scruffing. Results in a rough, colored texture
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Dry Foot
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The bottom of a ceramic object which has been cleaned of all glaze before firing.
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Dry Mounting
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Dry mounting is the technique of securing a photograph to a strong backing (often archival mat board) with the use of adhesive; done to prevent folds or creases in the photograph.
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Drypoint
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An intaglio printmaking technique, similar to engraving, in which a sharp needle is used to draw on a metal plate, raising a thin ridge of metal that creates a soft line when the plate is printed. Also, the resultant print.
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Dye Lot
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A number or code that signifies the dye batch or lot to ensure color consistency in fabrics.
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